Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine in sheep during summer and winter

Abstract

Pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion of sulphadimidine were investigated in sheep during summer and winter seasons. Average minimum and maximum environmental temperature in the summer ranged from 22.6 to 40.2 degrees C and in winter from 4.5 to 21.1 degrees C. The determination of plasma volume, plasma protein and packed cell volume during summer and winter revealed a significant decrease in plasma volume and a significant increase in plasma protein in the summer indicative of haemoconcentration. Packed cell volume did not differ significantly between the seasons. The pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine were determined following a single intravenous injection (100 mg/kg) in summer and winter. Zero time plasma concentration of the drug was higher during summer than in winter. The elimination half-life of the drug was similar in summer and winter, but the apparent volume of distribution was lower in summer. Likewise, total body clearance was significantly lower in summer. Based on these studies a satisfactory intravenous dosage regimen might consist of 86 and 100 mg/kg for priming and 78 and 88 mg/kg as maintenance doses during summer and winter, respectively, the doses being repeated at 12 hour intervals. Twenty four hours after sulphadimidine administration 90 and 73 per cent of the dose was excreted in urine during summer and winter, respectively. The drug was excreted mainly as free amine.